Denis Joseph Nexum Hardware.

Silver Thermal

A Short History of Silver

Gorgeous silver jewellery has encircled necks, armsm, wrists and fingers throughout history. It has been made into statues, ingots and decorated clothing and armour, been used for trade, and indicated high rank or royalty for thousands of years. Nowdays, it is seen dripping languidly from the bodies of todays royalty; rap stars, rock stars, movie stars and even sports stars. Silver's story is as old as time and as new as the latest additions to the jewellery shop windows.

Silver: called argentum in the periodic table has an atomic number of 47 which means it is the 47th element on the periodic table and carries 47 electrons. It has a hardness rated between 2.5 and 2.7 and is therefore one of the most malleable of all metals. Silver is a white, lustrous metal prized for its purity and formability and because it can achieve the most brilliant polish of any metal.

The first major source of mined silver, is generally considered to be Turkey which served as the main source of silver for the near East, Crete and Greece. The early Egyptians used silver in their religious ceremonies and to create their articles of worship and it was considered even more precious than gold.

A concentrated effort to mine silver really began around 3000B.C. and the first sophisticated processing of the mined ore has been attributed to the Chaldeans at around 2500B.C. After the destruction of the Minoan empire in 1600B.C. the mines of Laurium, near Athens became the leading producers of mined silver. These mines proved to be highly productive, and for approximately 1000 years the Laurium mines were the largest source of silver in the known world.

The end of the monopoly of the Laurium mines saw the Romans come to the fore and mines in Spain and throughout Europe and Italy were pressed to meet the growing trading needs of Greece and Asia Minor. When the Moors invaded Spain and took control, it became necessary for the mining of silver to be expanded to more countries, mainly in central Europe and several new large deposits were discovered between 720 and 1200 A.D. But the real expansion in the production of silver occurred in a 500 year period between 100-1500A.D, when new developments were made in the mining and processing of silver particularly the development of the 'mercury amalgamation method'.
This process enabled more silver to be taken from the ore and so silver production around the world increase exponentially during this time through discovery and better refining methods.

Even more significant was the discovery of seemingly almost infinite deposits of silver in the New World, and the first of these was in the Potosi District of Bolivia. At the same time major deposits were also found and mined in Mexico with the bulk of mining occurring between 1700 to 1800A.D.
For over 300 years, from 1500A.D. to 1800A.D. Mexico, Boliva and Peru accounted for over 85% of the world production of silver and trade, with the remaining portion obtained mainly from Germany, Hungary and Russia. From 1850, other countries like the US increased production and silver production increased again worldwide.

Did you know?:

• Silver can be hammered into sheets so thin that it would take 100,000 of them to stack 2.5 centimetres high. It is this formability that makes silver such a wonderful art form for the artisans throughout history.
• It can be shaped by hammering, spinning (like wool), or drawing (like toffee), it can be melted and poured into moulds, and can be decorated with etching, engraving or chasing. Known as the queen of metals, not the least because it has a known association with the moon and the moon goddess Lunai from times of antiquity.
• Silver has been closely associated with the moon and lunar influences and used for magical utensils and ornaments for thousands of years. It is closely related to Isis, queen of Egyptian goddesses and the traits of creativity, flexibility and emotion.
• It is one of the seven sacred metals, and used in alchemical processes by the original ‘scientists’ those wizards of old called alchemists such as Merlinus Arturius and Isaac Newton.
• Silver is known is also a part of the ancient chakra system of the Hindi’s and associated with the 6th chakra or 3rd Eye seen as the bridge between the human and the divine. This chakra is compared to empty space, free form a place of purity and unity, the site of bliss.

Silver's medical history: a silver coin was often dropped into a jug of milk to help prevent it from souring, in Vedic medicine silver water was known to cleanse the liver and spleen. More recently until sometime in the 1930’s silver compounds were used as a normal part of medicine, with silver nitrate being the main compound used. Silver Iodide was even used immediately at birth in babies eyes to prevent infections that resulted in blindness. We can find Colloidal Silver in use even today as a natural remedy for infections and many swear by it.

Amazing Uses of Silver: Invisible silver is a transparent coating of silver on the double pane in thermal windows; silver enjoys greater reflectivity than gold and can achieve the most brilliant polish; silver is the best electrical conductor of all metals.

Wearing Silver
Because of their long tradition and history silver artisans are some of the most highly skilled artisans in the world today. Only the finest craftsmen in each generation became master silversmiths, this evolution throughout the centuries has created a tradition of excellence in both artistry and craftsmanship that is found only in the silver field.

The meaning of the word jewellery is derived from the word, jewel, which is the anglicised form of the French word ‘jouel’ and even further back to the Latin word ‘jocale’ which means toy or plaything. Jewellery is one of the oldest forms of body adornment, and although it has been used to pin clothes together and as a form of wealth storage in ingot form, it is still mainly used throughout history for decoration.

Silver jewellery was once used to indicate status as it was restricted for use by only the wealthiest and noblest of all up until the end of the 18th century. It was only through the Industrial Revolution, through mass manufacturing that jewellery finally became available to the general public.
It is seen on its own and embedded with precious or semiprecious stones in areas all over the world and from many areas of history including; Mesopotamia, China, Japan, Egypt, Africa, Greece, Rome,  India, Mexico (Mayans), Indian Tribes of North America, Peru (Aztecs), and the British Isles (Celts).

Silver is still beautiful and for many, more affordable than gold. Wearing a find piece of silver jewellery can give the wearer a feeling of confidence and beauty and create the finishing touch to any outfit. All sorts of silver jewellery can be found from modern pieces to purchasing antique peices that have stood the test of time. Silversmiths still replicate the older styles and wearing these beautiful pieces can add a unique touch to any outfit and is sure to get the wearer noticed!!

Big, bold and beautiful pieces from around the world abound, and it can be such an amazing feeling to find just the perfect piece for you. Choosing from Tibetan, Mexican, Italian or other amazing styles is half the fun and finding such pieces has been made even easier by the internet, although buying from a reputable business is key to ensuring your investment is worthwhile.

About the Author

Annie Rob is a creative web consultant who write articles, blogs and presents on topics for her growing client list. Annie has a Masters in NLP, Coaching and a Grad Dip in Education as well as being a writer, presenter and Web Business visionary. For more information on this subject go to: The Jewellery Gallery

Arctic Silver Thermal Adhesive ASTA7G $18.37 Arctic Silver Thermal Adhesive ASTA7G

Silver Thermal Compound $7.99 MODEL - SILVERTHERMAL      VENDOR - ANTEC INC FEATURES - Silver Thermal Compound for Intel Pentium and AMD CPUs               Made with 99 percent pure micronized silver to transfer heat from your        processor to your heatsink more efficiently. * Made with 99% pure micronized silver * 75% to 80% silver content by weight * Extended temperature limits: -60c to 170c * Thermal conductivity: 8.2 W/m K * Thermal resistance: 0.0022 c/w * Negligible electrical conductivity www.Antec.com

Stirrups Juniors Silver Bits Thermal Top $28.95 SC Lds Blk Silver Bits Thermal T

Arctic Silver 5 Thermal Compound $21.99 Thermal compound is necessary to create a reliable transfer of heat from your computer's processor to its heatsink to keep your CPU from overheating. Arctic Silver 5 thermal compound does this with three unique shapes and sizes of pure silver particles to maximize particle-to-particle contact area and thermal transfer. It's optimized for use between modern high-power CPUs and high-performance heatsinks or water-cooling solutions. This 12-gram tube contains enough compound to cover at least 50 small CPU cores, or 20 large CPU cores, or 7 to 15 heat plates. Note: This is an OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) version, which includes the product, but nothing else. They are packaged generically and are best suited for system builders who don't require documentation or bundled accessories. Specifications: Thermal Conductance: >350,000W/m2 °C (0.001 inch layer) Thermal Resistance: 180°C Long-Term: –50°C to 130°C Performance: 3 to 12 degrees centigrade lower CPU full load core temperatures than standard thermal compounds or thermal pads when measured with a calibrated thermal diode imbedded in the CPU core Features: 12-gram

Syba CLPTSLCOOL Silver Cool Thermal Compound for CPU $21.58 Silver Cool Thermal Compound. Silver Cool 1.5g. Viscosity: 76 CPS. Thermal Conductivity: >4.5W/mK. Thermal Impedance: 5.1. Operation Temperature: 30 C to 240 C. Silicone Compounds: 50. Carbon Compounds: 20. Metal Oxide Compounds: 20. Silver Oxide Compounds: 10.

Arctic Silver AA-14G Thermal Compound $7.99 Specifications: Thermal conductivity: >4.0 W/mK (Hot Wire Method Per MIL-C-47113) Thermal Resistance: 160°C Long-Term: – 40°C to 125°C Lower full load core temperatures: 2 to 10 degrees centigrade lower CPU full load core temperatures than standard thermal compounds or thermal pads. When measured with a calibrated thermal diode imbedded in the CPU core. Features: 14 gram tubes (About 9cc) At a layer 0.003" thick, one tube will cover approximately 192 square inches.

Arctic Silver 5 Thermal Compound 3.5grams $25.31 Arctic Silver 5 premium thermal compound with 99.9 pure micronized silver is specifically designed to maximize the thermal conductivity between todays highpowered processors and highperformance cooling assemblies. Arctic Silver 5 uses three unique shapes and sizes of nearpure silver particles to maximize particletoparticle contact area and thermal transfer. It can reduce CPU core temperatures by up to 50F over standard silicone thermal pastes. Controlled triple phase viscosity allows Arctic Silver 5 to fill over time microscopic valleys and gaps in CPU and heatsink surfaces. One 3.5g tube can cover up to 25 CPU cores.

Arctic Silver 5 Thermal Compound 12 Grams $41.81 Arctic Silver 5 premium thermal compound with 99.9 pure micronized silver is specifically designed to maximize the thermal conductivity between todays highpower processors and highperformance cooling assemblies. Arctic Silver 5 uses three unique shapes and sizes of nearpure silver particles to maximize particletoparticle contact area and thermal transfer. It can reduce CPU core temperatures by up to 50F over standard silicone thermal pastes. Controlled triple phase viscosity allows Arctic Silver 5 to fill over time microscopic valleys and gaps in CPU and heatsink surfaces. One 12g tube can cover up to 85 CPU cores.

Dynex Thermal Compound $10.99 Keep your computer's CPU cool with this silver-based thermal compound that includes a syringe for easy application.

Arctic Silver AA-1.75G Thermal Compound $5.99 Specifications: Thermal conductivity: >4.0 W/mK (Hot Wire Method Per MIL-C-47113) Thermal Resistance: 160°C Long-Term: – 40°C to 125°C Lower full load core temperatures: 2 to 10 degrees centigrade lower CPU full load core temperatures than standard thermal compounds or thermal pads. When measured with a calibrated thermal diode imbedded in the CPU core. Features: 1.75 gram tubes. (A bit more than 1cc) This is enough compound to cover at least 25 to 35 small CPU cores, or 9 to 15 large CPU cores, or 4 to 8 heat plates. At a layer 0.003" thick, one tube will cover approximately 24 square inches.

Scott Voltage Pro Air Snow Cross Goggles with Silver Thermal Lens $85 . Scott Voltage Pro Air Snow Cross Goggles with Silver Thermal Lens

Primera Technology / TUFFCOAT THERMAL CD-R MEDIA, SILVER / 56500 $70.11 Primera Technology - TUFFCOAT THERMAL CD-R MEDIA, SILVER - 56500

Taiyo Yuden CD-R 52X Silver Thermal Lacquer 25-Disc Spindle $6.99 Taiyo Yuden CD-R 52X Silver Thermal Lacquer 25-Disc Spindle

ZEBRA TECHNOLOGIES Thermal Transfer - 1000 Page - Silver 800015107 $50.31 ZEBRA TECHNOLOGIES Thermal Transfer - 1000 Page - Silver 800015107

StarTech 1.5g Tube of Silver Based Thermal Heatsink Grease SILVGREASE1 $15.39 StarTech 1.5g Tube of Silver Based Thermal Heatsink Grease SILVGREASE1

Arctic Silver Alumina Thermal Compound 14g/9cc Tube AA14G $11.17 Arctic Silver Alumina Thermal Compound 14g/9cc Tube AA14G

Arctic Silver Ceramique High-Density Thermal Compound 22g/8cc Tube CMQ22G $11.94 Arctic Silver Ceramique High-Density Thermal Compound 22g/8cc Tube CMQ22G

SIIG AC-TG0012-S1 Thermal Grease $11.99 2 Year 3 oz - Tube AC-TG0012-S1 Ultra Chill Silver Thermal Grease Thermal Grease Spreader Easy to use needle tube package for mess-free application Includes spreader for easy application Contains 10% silver high heat conducting material Nano-technology material maximizes surface contact and enhances heat conductivity Ideal for CPU, memory and other IC cooling needs AC-TG0012-S1 AC-TG0012-S1 Ultra Chill Silver Thermal Grease RoHS SIIG SIIG, Inc Thermal Grease Yes www.siig.com

Arctic Silver / Arctic Silver 5 3.5g Polysynthetic Silver Thermal Grease CPU Heat Sink Compound / AS5-35G $20.13 Arctic Silver - Arctic Silver 5 3.5g Polysynthetic Silver Thermal Grease CPU Heat Sink Compound - AS5-35G

MASSCOOL Stars-700 Thermal grease $3.99 Thermal compound is necessary to create a reliable transfer of heat from your computer's processor to its heatsink to keep your CPU from overheating. System builders only in need of a small amount of thermal grease will benefit from this 0.5-gram tube from PC cooling-supply manufacturer MASSCOOL. This thermal grease can be used on the rear side of the heatsink which has no thermal pad. It will improve the heat dispatch of your processor. Specifications: Dimensions: Injection tube : 55x 5 x 5mm. (w x d x h) Weight: 0.017 oz. Color: Silver Thermal Conductivity: 7.5 W/m-K Thermal Resistance: 0.06 C/W Application: Thermal grease can be used on the rear side of the heatsink which has no thermal pad. It will improve the heat dispatch of your processor Parts: 1 year limited Labor: 1 year limited

Arctic Silver ASTA-7G (2-PC-SET) Premium Silver Thermal Adhesive $14.99 When it absolutely needs to stay on forever, Arctic Silver's ASTA-7G is the way to go. This permanent epoxy is made with 99.8% pure micronized silver and has a silver content of 62-65% by weight. Arctic Silver is designed to conduct heat and not electricity even with its high silver content. When cured it does have some capacitance however, so it's best to keep it away from traces or leads. Arctic Silver conducts heat away from sensitive components and improves the efficiency of your cooling system. Keep things cool and functioning under the hottest action! Features: Made with 99.8% pure micronized Silver 62% to 65% Silver content by weight Superior thermal conductivity. Greater than 7.5W/mK. Temperature Range is -40C to >150C Caution: Arctic Silver Thermal Adhesive is a permanent adhesive. Components you attach with Arctic Silver Thermal Adhesive will stay attached forever.

Disc, CD-R 80 min, MEDICAL Grade, 700MB, Silver Thermal Printable $93.99 Disc, CD-R 80 min, MEDICAL Grade, 700MB, Silver Thermal Printable700MB, Silver Thermal Printable

Arctic Silver Alumina AATA-5G Thermal Adhesive $7.99 When it absolutely needs to stay on forever, Arctic Silver's Arctic Alumina premium ceramic alumina adhesive is the way to go. This high temp adhesive will ensure that the heatsink will stick to whatever you attach it to. The ceramic composition means that there is no danger of a short circuit, unlike the silver based compounds. Arctic Alumina conducts heat away from sensitive components and improves the efficiency of your cooling system. Keep things cool and functioning under the hottest action! Features: Arctic Alumina Adhesive uses a layered composite of aluminum oxide and boron nitride. Arctic Alumina Adhesive is a pure electrical insulator, neither electrically conductive nor capacitive. A set of Arctic Alumina Thermal Adhesive consists of two tubes containing a total of 5 grams of adhesive (2.5 grams each of parts A and B) and a plastic reusable mixing wand. (Approximately 3cc total adhesive.) Although lighter per set than Arctic Silver Adhesive due to its use of ceramics rather than silver, each set of Arctic Alumina Adhesive contains the same amount of adhesive by volume as a set of Arctic Silver adhesive and will cover the same area. CAUTION! Arctic Alumina Thermal Adhesive is a permanent adhesive. Any components you attach together with Arctic Alumina Thermal Adhesive will stay attached forever. Arctic Alumina Thermal ...

SIIG AC-TG0312-S1 Thermal Grease $14.99 2 Year 6 oz - Bottle Built in brush for easy and no mess application Contains10% silver high heat conducting material Nano-technology material that maximizes surface contact and enhances heat conductivity Ideal for CPU, memory and other IC cooling needs AC-TG0312-S1 AC-TG0312-S1 Ultra Chill Brush-On Silver Thermal Grease RoHS SIIG SIIG, Inc Thermal Grease Yes www.siig.com

Arctic Silver / Arctic Silver C�ramique 2 Thermal Grease CPU Heat Sink Compound / AS-CMQ2-27G $14.95 Arctic Silver - Arctic Silver C�ramique 2 Thermal Grease CPU Heat Sink Compound - AS-CMQ2-27G

Arctic Silver / Arctic Silver Arctic Alumina 14g Polysynthetic Ceramic Thermal Grease CPU Heat Sink Compound / AA-14G $17.69 Arctic Silver - Arctic Silver Arctic Alumina 14g Polysynthetic Ceramic Thermal Grease CPU Heat Sink Compound - AA-14G

Artic Silver / Arctic Silver Arctic Alumina 1.75g Polysynthetic Ceramic Thermal Grease CPU Heat Sink Compound / AA-175G $14.95 Artic Silver - Arctic Silver Arctic Alumina 1.75g Polysynthetic Ceramic Thermal Grease CPU Heat Sink Compound - AA-175G

Arctic Silver 5 3.5G Polysynthetic Silver Thermal Grease CPU Heat Sink Compound $8.08 Arctic Silver 5 3.5G Polysynthetic Silver Thermal Grease CPU Heat Sink Compound

Arctic Silver 5 High-Density Silver Thermal Compound 12g Tube AS5-12G $27.14 Arctic Silver 5 High-Density Silver Thermal Compound 12g Tube AS5-12G

Arctic Silver 5 High-Density Silver Thermal Compound 3.5 Gram /Tube $14.28 Arctic Silver 5 High-Density Silver Thermal Compound 3.5 Gram /Tube

Taiyo Yuden Cd-R 80 Minute/700Mb 52X Silver Thermal Lacquer 25 Piece $7.99 Taiyo Yuden CD-R 52X Silver Thermal Lacquer 25-Disc Spindle

Panasonic 32-Quart Electric Thermal Pot - White/Silver $89.99 Boil water or keep it warm with this thermal pot that features 4 preset warming temperatures for coffee, tea, noodles and baby food. The locking lid, cool-touch body and steam vent help ensure safe operation.

Panasonic 41-Quart Electric Thermal Pot - White/Silver $99.99 Boil water or keep it warm with this thermal pot that features 4 preset warming temperatures for coffee, tea, noodles and baby food. The reboil feature lets you switch from warming to boiling with the touch of a button.

Empire Events Thermal Replacement Lens Silver Mirror $33.95 Description Optically correct thermal dual pane lens. Exterior anti-scratch coating for superior durability.Extended field of vision design. Quick change lens system, tongue and grove system to prevent paint access.

Masscool STARS700 0.5 Gram Silver Thermal Compound Grease $17.78 Specifications. Mfr Part Number: STARS700. Features:. Thermal grease can be used on the rear side of the heatsink which has no thermal pad. It will improve the heat dispatch of your processor. Thermal Conductivity: 7.5 W/mK. Thermal Resistance: 0.06 deg;C/W. Color: Silver. Dimensions(WxDxH): 55 x 5 x 5 mm. Weight: 0.5 g

Hothead Thermal Bottle IB-WB2 $34.99 The Hothead thermal bottle brings all the advantages of a real stainless steel thermos to the cycling community - great for coffee and tea aficionados. Our unique Three Way Mounting system allows the Hothead to be carried on a bike with our integrated holder and carry handle, or in bottle cages. Though specifically designed for cycling, the Hothead is equally handy at work, in the car, or when hiking and camping. Type: Hydration & Water Bottles Color: Silver